increasing severity of environmental threats.He emphasized the critical need to integrate Western science and the traditional knowledge of local communities to preserve Africa’s invaluable assets, which hold significant importance for all humanity. all boundaries are interlinked,” she said, adding that the prob-from lem primarily stems heightened human activities and demands driven by pop-ulation and economic growth. Climate change is one of the boundaries transgressed. It impacts people’s lives through natu-ral disasters caused by increased extreme weather events, coastal erosion and other phenomena. She further cautioned that con-sequences of exceeding planetary boundaries disproportionately affect the poor and vulnerable. While reducing carbon emissions is undeniably crucial for mit-igating climate change, Amanuma emphasized the necessity for adaptation. She noted that adaptation efforts include nature-based solutions and the leveraging of both scientific and local traditional knowledge, which are being implemented in World Heritage sites across Africa. around Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro, said that the im-pacts of climate change are already evident in many of his study areas. He pointed out that the disappearance of glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro could potentially affect the livelihoods of people and industries such as agriculture, horticulture and tourism in the ad-jacent areas that depend on the mountain’s water resources. “It is also essential to promote understanding of various ongo-ing initiatives worldwide aimed at enhancing resilience of World Heritage sites against climate change and to explore how these initiatives can be applied to sites in Africa,” he suggested. The symposium offered a deepened understanding of the current state of climate change and its impacts in Africa, with a specific focus on the continent’s World Heritage sites. It encouraged a worthwhile exchange of thoughts and ideas on this critical topic among the panel-ists and participants. mate change, and the effect climate change has on communities. He explained how ecological habitats suffer from saltwater intru-sion due to coastal erosion, and the impact on marine biodiversity of rising sea surface temperatures, ocean acidification and dam-age to coral reefs, all directly affecting local communities. “Now we are seeing more and more fires,” he added, underscoring the To provide a deeper environmental context for the discussion of world heritage and climate change, Nobue Amanuma, an envi-ronmental policy expert, outlined the current status and impacts of climate change. Amanuma introduced the concept of planetary boundaries, first presented in a 2009 publication by Johan Rockström and a team of scientists, which claims that urgent action is necessary in the face of the situation where human activities are pushing the Earth towards its environmental limits. She explained that this con-cept identifies nine processes that regulate the stability and resil-ience of the Earth’s system, including climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, freshwater change, biogeochemi-cal flows, ocean acidification, atmospheric aerosol loading, strato-spheric ozone depletion and novel entities, and establishes a threshold for each to define a so-called safe operating space for human civilization. “Six of the nine planetary boundaries have been overstepped, and people in discussions about climate change and its impact. “As Africans, we are disproportionately affected by climate change and loss of our heritage due to its impacts,” she said, em-phasizing the crucial role of political will, policies, legal frame-works, education, awareness and advocacy in preserving heritage sites as surviving witnesses of history and lived experience. She further noted that a key factor in advancing efforts in Africa is overcoming language barriers in knowledge sharing, as most UN white papers are written in the six official UN languages. Setsunan University Lecturer Yuya Otani, whose research focuses on climate change in African nations, particularly the regions In the second part of the sym-posium, Lesotho Embassy Counsellor Manasupha, who is also an environmentalist with an academic background in environmental science, commented that the first part of the symposium was suc-cessful in highlighting the importance of fostering ac-tive participation of African 21From CampusClimate Change Mitigation and AdaptationActive Participation of African Nations in the Discussion on Climate Change
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