18SOPHIA MAGAZINE Vol. 17As part of Sophia UN Weeks, Sophia University hosted Professor Tshilidzi Marwala – an artificial intelligence engineer who currently serves as both Rector of the United Nations University and Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations – for a special talk session titled “Artificial Intel-ligence and Its Governance” on October 10, 2023, at Sophia’s Yotsuya Campus.To discuss these questions, Professor Marwala was joined by Professor Tad Gonsalves of Sophia’s Faculty of Science & Technology, and Professor Tetsuo Morishita, Sophia Vice President for Global Academic Affairs, who delivered the open-ing address. Following the talks given by Marwala and Gonsalves, Artificial intelligence: its origin and trajectoryMarked by the advent of ChatGPT and other deep-learning tech-nologies, recent advancements in artificial intelligence are having pronounced effects on the way we work and the content we con-sume. As AI continues to advance, driven by a seemingly endless flow of data, serious concerns regarding the effects of AI on so-cial well-being are rising to the fore. How can we control the ad-verse effects of artificial intelligence and guide the technology’s advancement towards a trajectory that benefits society? Professor Yasuhiro Ueki, Director of Sophia’s Human Resources Center for International Cooperation, moderated a discussion be-tween the speakers and audience.Prior to assuming the role of Rector of the United Nations University in March 2023, Marwala served as Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Johannesburg in his home coun-try of South Africa. His multi-disciplinary research as a scholar has contributed to the application of artificial intelligence to the fields of engineering, social science, economics, politics, finance, and medicine. In his talk, Marwala reflected on the history of the concept of “artificial intelligence.” He noted that, although ubiquitous in re-cent years, the term was coined in 1955 by computer and cogni-tive scientist John McCarthy. Marwala also related that most of the algorithms used today are decades old: “There are very few Exploring the Future of AI
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